Inside Asian Gaming
IAG JUN 2021年6月 亞博匯 24 COVER STORY Paradise City, opened in April 2017, is one of three integrated resorts now operating nationwide, with the other two – Landing International Development’s Jeju Shinhwa World (opened February 2018) and Lotte Tour’s JejuDreamTower (December 2020) – both, as the names suggest, located on the holiday island of Jeju. In total there are now 16 foreigner-only casinos in Korea, split evenly at eight apiece between Jeju and the mainland. They were bringing in a combined KRW1.44 trillion (US$1.21 billion) in casino turnover as of 2019, before the COVID-19 pandemic struck a crippling blow. Notably, Jeju’s figure of 512 gaming tables is more than twice that in the capital city of Seoul, with 215, despite the city of Seoul attracting 17.5 million visitors in 2019 compared to Jeju’s 15 million. “If Chinese visa-free travel does not resume, I think it will become a problem and it will be too many casinos,” said one industry expert when asked about Jeju. “The IRs will either need to replace Chinese customers, drive more domestic tourism or reset expectations.” There is also the not-so-small matter of Kangwon Land, the only casino in the country at which locals are allowed to gamble, which brought in more than the 16 foreigner-only casinos combined in 2019 with turnover of KRW1.48 trillion (US$1.24 billion). Yet even before the onset of COVID, Korea’s rapidly expanding casino market found itself facing unexpected headwinds. 不恢復免簽證旅行的話,這將成為一個問題,娛樂場會過剩。」 「綜合度假村要麼需要推動更多境內遊旅客以取代中國遊 客,要麼需要重新設定預期。」 另一個不容忽視的問題是江原樂園,作為韓國唯一一家允許 本國人入內賭博的娛樂場,其2019年的收入超過了上述16間僅允 許外國人入內賭場的賭收總和,錄得1.48 萬億韓元(12.4億美元) 。 事實上,早在新冠肺炎疫情爆發之前,韓國快速擴張的博彩 市場已經遭遇了意料之外的阻力。 2015 年爆發了具致命風險的中東呼吸綜合症 (MERS),外加 上包括澳門在內的各博彩司法管轄區皆受到中國經濟下滑的影 響,韓國博彩業已經遭受了重重一擊。 2014年第3季度,僅限外國人入內的娛樂場之博彩收入達到 3.48億美元的峰值,但在2014年至2017年期間,該數字迅速下 滑——從2015年第2季度僅達到3億美元,到2017年初降至約2.5 億美元。 隨後,2017年3月,在韓國確認計劃安裝薩德導彈系統並在韓 國邊境以北增加軍事活動之後,北京方面宣佈禁止所有旅行團前 往韓國。 這對於僅對外國人開放的娛樂場而言是毀滅性的,這些娛 樂場的盈利嚴重依賴中國遊客,後者迄今仍是韓國第一大遊客 來源地。2016年前往韓國的中國遊客人數達到峰值8,067,722人 次,到了2017年僅有4,169,353人次,2018年為4,789,512人次, 而在新冠疫情完全摧毀跨國旅遊之前的2019年錄得小幅回升至 6,023,021人次。 Klebanow指出,雖然中國在2017年的懲戒行為相對短暫,
Made with FlippingBook
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy OTIyNjk=