Inside Asian Gaming

IAG NOV 2020年11月 亞博匯 130 COLUMNISTS IR ASSESSMENT MODELS The decision on whether to use inputs, outputs or outcomes should be no different for governments making determinations about IRs. An example of an input model being used for IRs can be found in Vietnam which requires a US$2 billion commitment as a threshold amount to enable a casino licence to be issued. If the promised amount is not delivered, the licence will either not be issued or, if it has been provisionally granted, can be unilaterally withdrawn. Under the path it has chosen, Vietnam will get its IRs, but that does not mean these IRs will deliver the best possible outcomes for their communities. A better way forward was seen in Australia when Victoria issued its first and only casino licence in the early 1990s. Victoria required bidders for the Melbourne casino licence to propose projects incorporating gaming and non-gaming offers to whatever standard they wished. Cost was irrelevant other than the capacity of the bidders to pay for what they proposed. The assessment criteria were based on the expected outcome of the proposal (range of gaming and non-gaming offers, quality of build, design, suitability for its location, fulfilling local needs and more). This approach was enhanced by the decision not to constrain bidders by imposing requirements to deliver specific activities, such as MICE facilities or a particular standard or volume of accommodation. The mix of activities in the IR was entirely at the discretion of the bidders with market competition driving the outcome. The winning bidder was subsequently required to enter into agreements with the State Government obligating the bidder to deliver on its commitments. During construction, an independent representative appointed by the state (an architect in this case, but Does a US$10 billion outlay indicate anything about the impacts on visitation, the quality of the construction,theutilityorsuitability of any of the proposed non-gaming offers or the number of jobs to be created by the development? 100億美元的資金投入，當中有否指出其對 遊客參觀的影響、建築質量、非博彩活動的實 用和適用性，或開發項目將創造的工作機會 的數量？ 中標者隨後被要求與州政府簽訂協議，以約束中標者履行 其承諾。在施工期間，由國家任命的獨立代表（在此例中為建築 師，但亦可以是具有重大商業開發經驗的建築商）通過監控進度 來保護該州的利益。 其目的是要確保中標者遵守協議中承諾的標準、時間表和 里程碑。通過此方法，維多利亞州實現了從開始就預設好的理想 結果——發展世界一流、符合國際標準的頂級IR，當中提供多種 非博彩服務，如會議與宴會設施，為三個不同市場而設的酒店住 宿、夜店、電影院，以及從高級餐廳到美食廣場的餐飲服務。 維多利亞州IR發展的成功來自其採用以成果為評估的衡量 標準，而非投入或產出。當然，中標者在建立其IR時花費了龐大 的資金，但這是中標者在通過承諾提供符合維多利亞州期望的 結果的選擇。 日式評估 在此有一些經驗，可供對於那些仍在考慮最佳方案的司法 管轄區參考，例如日本，日本正在著手開始自己的IR實施過程。 一些潛在的競標者已公開承諾將在日本耗資超過100億美元發 展IR。此外，一些縣政府，也許表面上是為了尋求公眾或政治支 持，亦表示支持這種程度的財政承諾。