Inside Asian Gaming

IAG MAR 2020年3月 亞博匯 63 專欄 that have been identified. Betting limits can be placed on a player’s account, like setting deposit limits, which can prevent problem gambling. This measure allows for protection of minors and vulnerable people, preventing excessive and unregulated gambling and addictive behaviors. Depending on the technical framework used, online gaming may be better monitored than a land-based operation, therefore addressing money laundering concerns and ensuring security and public order. THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK Macau’s gaming framework is not unfamiliar with online gaming. Online gaming is referred to under Law 16/2001 (Macau Gaming Law) as “interactive gaming” and defined as the playing of games of chance that meet the following criteria: (i) they are offered in Macau casinos in the form of table games or gaming machines; (ii) they offer a prize in cash or in kind that can be won in accordance to their respective rules; (iii) players participate by means of telecommunications (including telephone, fax, internet, data networks and video or digital data transmission); and (iv) players make or agree to make payments in cash or in kind to play the game. The commercial operation of online gaming can only be pursued by privately owned entities that have been granted a concession to that effect, through entering into a concession contract with the Macau Government (Section 4 of Macau Gaming Law). However, the Macau Government has not yet issued regulations governing the concession and operation of online gaming (and has not launched a tender to grant these concessions). Additionally, gaming concessionaires cannot operate interactive games. Further to this, the exclusive operators of horse racing and sports betting can offer online wagering limited to the land-based competitions they already offer. In particular online betting is already (but only) 展將刺激中國的犯罪率增長和滋生各類社會問題。有部分媒體報 道,網絡博彩與電訊詐騙相關,為受害者及其家人帶來嚴重損失, 甚至有進一步的講法是,網絡博彩對「了解您的客戶」(KYC)流程 造成臭名昭著的漏洞,讓賭客可以隱瞞身份,因此被認為是洗黑 錢的渠道。 儘管內地當局採取了相關舉措,但《亞博匯》2019年10月期曾 報道:「據數個消息來源顯示,包括網絡博彩及代理投注在內的跨 境賭博市場的規模,已經超過了亞洲實體賭場的博彩總收入,收 入逾500億美元,其中大部分來自中國。」 毫無疑問,監管機構應防止上述的弊端和社會危害,而澳門 政府更應懲治任何違法行為,但禁止網絡博彩絕對不是——按常 理也不是——唯一的解決方案。只要提出嚴格的法律規管(解決 KYC和反洗黑錢問題、保護相關人員、為操作和從事網絡博彩制定 限制等),並且對部分地區實行地緣阻礙(包括對內地玩家的限制) ,澳門不需因內地政策而禁止網絡博彩。 網絡博彩的好處 網絡博彩對澳門的好處十分簡單直接。首先及重要的是,可 為澳門帶來額外稅收,而且並不依賴訪澳旅客人數多少,也不會 蠶食現有的實體賭場收入。事實上,網絡博彩賭收一直存在,只是 相關收入沒有流入澳門,而很多事例顯示,相關賭收最後落入那 些完全不在意如何減少網絡博彩危害及促進其合規性的營運商。 第二,網絡博彩讓本地博彩業開拓新世代客群,特別是千禧 一代和Z世代。網絡博彩或者是奪取新一代顧客歡心的關鍵,他們 可能對坐在百家樂賭枱旁投注不感興趣,而網絡博彩可為他們帶 來無數機會嘗試新遊戲和技術。 最後,網絡博彩可為業界創造數以百計甚至千計的高技能職 位,包括遊戲開發商和工程師,以及科技、市場營銷、金融服務、管 理、審計和其他輔助服務等的專業工種。此外,為有效地監管網絡 博彩,行業發展亦會在監管和科技基建等方面,帶來新的高技能 職位。目前,本澳勞動政策只容許本地居民成為賭場莊荷,但有關 政策為何不可適用於網絡博彩軟件工程師等職位,令相關業務得 以發展呢? 在法例監管的環境下,充分考慮現存的漏洞後,上述的一切 均可實現。當局可以在玩家的帳戶上設定投注限額,如存款限額, 防止玩家陷入問題賭博,以保護未成年人士和容易染上賭癮的群 體,並且防止過度和無節制的賭博成癮行為。根據實際應用的法 律技術框架,跟實體賭場相比,當局或可更有效地監控網絡博彩, 解決洗黑錢等憂慮及確保公共秩序安全。

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